Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. Originally named Ethereal, in May 2006 the project was renamed Wireshark due to trademark issues.
Wireshark is cross-platform, using the GTK+ widget toolkit to implement its user interface, and using pcap to capture packets; it runs on various Unix-like operating systems including Linux, Mac OS X, BSD, and Solaris, and on Microsoft Windows. There is also a terminal-based (non-GUI) version called TShark. Wireshark, and the other programs distributed with it such as TShark, are free software, released under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
Functionality
Wireshark is very similar to tcpdump, but has a graphical front-end, plus some integrated sorting and filtering options. Wireshark allows the user to put the network interfaces that support promiscuous mode into that mode, in order to see all traffic visible on that interface, not just traffic addressed to one of the interface's configured addresses. On Linux, BSD, and Mac OS X, with libpcap 1.0.0 or later, Wireshark 1.4 and later can also put Wi-Fi adapters into monitor mode.
Features
Wireshark is software that "understands" the structure of different networking protocols. Thus, it is able to display the encapsulation and the fields along with their meanings of different packets specified by different networking protocols. Wireshark uses pcap to capture packets, so it can only capture the packets on the types of networks that pcap supports.
Wireshark is cross-platform, using the GTK+ widget toolkit to implement its user interface, and using pcap to capture packets; it runs on various Unix-like operating systems including Linux, Mac OS X, BSD, and Solaris, and on Microsoft Windows. There is also a terminal-based (non-GUI) version called TShark. Wireshark, and the other programs distributed with it such as TShark, are free software, released under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
Functionality
Wireshark is very similar to tcpdump, but has a graphical front-end, plus some integrated sorting and filtering options. Wireshark allows the user to put the network interfaces that support promiscuous mode into that mode, in order to see all traffic visible on that interface, not just traffic addressed to one of the interface's configured addresses. On Linux, BSD, and Mac OS X, with libpcap 1.0.0 or later, Wireshark 1.4 and later can also put Wi-Fi adapters into monitor mode.
Features
Wireshark is software that "understands" the structure of different networking protocols. Thus, it is able to display the encapsulation and the fields along with their meanings of different packets specified by different networking protocols. Wireshark uses pcap to capture packets, so it can only capture the packets on the types of networks that pcap supports.
- Data can be captured "from the wire" from a live network connection or read from a file that recorded already-captured packets.
- Live data can be read from a number of types of network, including Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, PPP, and loopback.
- Captured network data can be browsed via a GUI, or via the terminal (command line) version of the utility, TShark.
- Captured files can be programmatically edited or converted via command-line switches to the "editcap" program.
- Data display can be refined using a display filter.
- Plug-ins can be created for dissecting new protocols.
- VoIP calls in the captured traffic can be detected. If encoded in a compatible encoding, the media flow can even be played.
- Raw USB traffic can be captured with Wireshark. This feature is currently available only under Linux.
Wireshark's native network trace file format is the libpcap format supported by libpcap and WinPcap, so it can exchange files of captured network traces with other applications using the same format, including tcpdump and CA NetMaster. It can also read captures from other network analyzers, such as snoop, Network General's Sniffer, and Microsoft Network Monitor.
Security
Capturing raw network traffic from an interface requires elevated privileges on some platforms. For this reason, older versions of Ethereal/Wireshark and tethereal/TShark often ran with superuser privileges. Taking into account the huge number of protocol dissectors that are called when traffic is captured, this can pose a serious security risk given the possibility of a bug in a dissector. Due to the rather large number of vulnerabilities in the past (of which many have allowed remote code execution) and developers' doubts for better future development, OpenBSD removed Ethereal from its ports tree prior to OpenBSD 3.6.
Elevated privileges are not needed for all of the operations. For example, an alternative is to run tcpdump, or the dumpcap utility that comes with Wireshark, with superuser privileges to capture packets into a file, and later analyze the packets by running Wireshark with restricted privileges. On wireless networks, it is possible to use the Aircrack wireless security tools to capture IEEE 802.11 frames and read the resulting dump files with Wireshark.
As of Wireshark 0.99.7, Wireshark and TShark run dumpcap to do traffic capture. On platforms where special privileges are needed to capture traffic, only dumpcap needs to be set up to run with those special privileges: neither Wireshark nor TShark need to run with special privileges, and neither of them should be run with special privileges.
Security
Capturing raw network traffic from an interface requires elevated privileges on some platforms. For this reason, older versions of Ethereal/Wireshark and tethereal/TShark often ran with superuser privileges. Taking into account the huge number of protocol dissectors that are called when traffic is captured, this can pose a serious security risk given the possibility of a bug in a dissector. Due to the rather large number of vulnerabilities in the past (of which many have allowed remote code execution) and developers' doubts for better future development, OpenBSD removed Ethereal from its ports tree prior to OpenBSD 3.6.
Elevated privileges are not needed for all of the operations. For example, an alternative is to run tcpdump, or the dumpcap utility that comes with Wireshark, with superuser privileges to capture packets into a file, and later analyze the packets by running Wireshark with restricted privileges. On wireless networks, it is possible to use the Aircrack wireless security tools to capture IEEE 802.11 frames and read the resulting dump files with Wireshark.
As of Wireshark 0.99.7, Wireshark and TShark run dumpcap to do traffic capture. On platforms where special privileges are needed to capture traffic, only dumpcap needs to be set up to run with those special privileges: neither Wireshark nor TShark need to run with special privileges, and neither of them should be run with special privileges.
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